28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor with ULN2003 Driver Board

5V 4-phase geared unipolar stepper bundled with ULN2003 driver board, popular beginner Arduino component.

₹99 + 18% GST

SKU: BOTBIT-MOT-05 · Best for: First Arduino/Raspberry Pi stepper motor learning projects and classroom demos

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Overview

About 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor with ULN2003 Driver Board.

The 28BYJ-48 is a small 5V unipolar geared stepper motor that ships bundled with a ULN2003 Darlington-array driver board, making it the single most popular motor bundle in beginner Arduino and Raspberry Pi kits. The motor has an internal gear reduction (approximately 1:64) so the output shaft turns slowly with reasonable holding torque, which is ideal for learning precise positioning without any risk of hurting yourself or your board.

It is popular in India because it is inexpensive, runs straight off the 5V rail, and needs only four digital pins to drive. The ULN2003 board has four indicator LEDs that light in sequence as the coils energise, so a beginner can literally watch the stepping happen. This makes it a favourite for first robotics projects, clocks, small camera sliders, valve actuators and classroom demonstrations.

Because it is a unipolar motor with a 5-wire connector that plugs directly into the ULN2003 board via a keyed JST/Dupont socket, wiring mistakes are hard to make, and dozens of ready libraries (Stepper.h, AccelStepper, CheapStepper) support it out of the box.

Key features

Why it stands out.

5V 4-phase unipolar geared stepper with built-in ~1:64 gearbox for slow, high-resolution rotation

Bundled ULN2003 driver board with 5-pin keyed connector so the motor plugs straight in

Four onboard LEDs show each phase energising, ideal for learning and debugging

Driven by just four Arduino/ESP32/Raspberry Pi GPIO pins (IN1-IN4)

Board has a power-enable jumper and screw/pin power input for a separate 5V supply

Works with common Arduino libraries: Stepper.h, AccelStepper and CheapStepper

Specifications

Selection facts.

Motor model	28BYJ-48
Rated voltage	5V DC
Number of phases	4 (unipolar, 5 wires)
Stride angle (half-step)	5.625 degrees / 64 = ~0.0879 deg at output shaft
Gear reduction ratio	Approx 1:64 (64:1, ~4076 steps per revolution in half-step mode)
Steps per revolution (motor)	32 (full-step), 64 (half-step) before gearing
DC coil resistance	Approx 50 ohm per phase (+/- 7%)
Driver IC	ULN2003 (7-channel Darlington transistor array)
Idle current draw	Approx 100-200 mA at 5V (typical)
Insulated resistance	>10 Mohm (500V)

Applications

Where it is used.

First Arduino/Raspberry Pi stepper motor learning projects and classroom demos
Small camera sliders, pan/tilt heads and time-lapse rigs
Automated blinds, small valves and dampers in home-automation builds
Analog/digital clock hand drives and rotating displays
Robotic arm joints and small conveyor or feeder mechanisms
Precise low-speed positioning where torque demand is modest

Buying guide

How to choose.

This bundle is the right first stepper for anyone learning Arduino, ESP32 or Raspberry Pi. If you want slow, precise, low-torque motion and a plug-and-play experience, buy this. It is not the motor for high-speed or high-torque work; for that step up to a NEMA 17 with an A4988 or DRV8825 driver.

Pair it with any Arduino Uno/Nano/ESP32 and a separate 5V supply (a spare USB charger or 5V 1A adapter works well) so the motor current does not load your microcontroller. Keep four spare digital pins free for IN1-IN4. For smooth acceleration and multi-motor control, use the AccelStepper library rather than the basic Stepper.h.

Note there are 5V and 12V variants of the 28BYJ-48; this is the 5V version. If your project needs the motor to hold position or run continuously, budget for a power supply rated for the motor's stall current rather than powering it from the board's USB rail alone.

FAQ

Common questions.

Which Arduino pins do I connect it to?

Connect IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4 on the ULN2003 board to any four Arduino digital pins, connect the board's 5V and GND to a 5V supply and Arduino ground, and plug the motor's 5-pin connector into the board. Keep the power-select jumper in place if powering from the same 5V rail.

What library should I use?

The built-in Stepper.h works, but AccelStepper (with the HALF4WIRE interface) or CheapStepper give smoother acceleration and correct half-stepping. Set steps-per-revolution to about 2048 for full-step or 4096 for half-step at the geared output shaft.

Can I power the motor from the Arduino 5V pin?

For light testing yes, but the motor can draw 200 mA or more, so a dedicated 5V supply into the ULN2003 board is recommended to avoid resetting or overheating your Arduino's regulator.

Is this the 5V or 12V version?

This bundle is the 5V version of the 28BYJ-48. A 12V variant exists with different coil resistance; using 12V on a 5V motor will overheat it, so stick to a 5V supply.

What is in the box?

One 28BYJ-48 5V stepper motor and one ULN2003 driver board with a matching 5-pin connector. Jumper wires and a power supply are usually not included.

Is it available in India?

Yes, it is one of the most stocked hobby motors in India and is available across BotBit and most electronics retailers, usually as the motor plus driver bundle.